( a )Tujuan Komunikatif teks :
Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca (yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian ).
( b ) Struktur Teks
· Orientation : Pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat
· Evaluation : ( optional)
· Complication : pengembangan konflik
· Resolution : Penyelesaian konflik
· Koda : perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita
( c ) Ciri Kebahasan:
§ Menggunakan nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan, dan benda tertentu dalam cerita, misalnya the mice, stepsisters, housework, the cat, dsb.
§ Menggunakan adjectives yang membentuk noun phrases, misalnya long black hair, two red apples, young mouse, dsb.
§ Menggunakan time connectives dan conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian, misalnya then, before that, soon, when, while, dsb.
§ Menggunakan conjunctions dan time connectives yang mengurutkan peristiwa, kejadian, atau kegiatan, misalnya when, as soon as, but, then, after that, dsb
§ Menggunakan adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa, misalnya long time ago, here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.
§ Menggunakan actions verbs dalam bentuk past tense,misalnya held, said, told, stayed, climbed, dsb
§ Menggunakan saying verbs yang menandai ucapan, misalnya said, told, promised, dsb serta thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran, persepsi, atau perasaan tokoh, misalnya thought, understood, felt, dsb.
Contoh narrative text
1. THE PRINCESS AND THE PEA
Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.
One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.
It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess.
Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.
On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept.
"Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's horrible!"
Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds.
Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.
So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it.
There, that is a true story.
One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.
It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess.
Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.
On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept.
"Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's horrible!"
Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds.
Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.
So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it.
There, that is a true story.
2. THE EMPEROR’S NEW CLOTHES
Being a bit nervous about whether he himself would be able to see the cloth, the emperor first sent two of his trusted men to see it. Of course, neither would admit that they could not see the cloth and so praised it. All the town people also heard of the cloth and were interested to learn how stupid their neighbors were.
The emperor then allowed himself to be dressed in the clothes for a procession through town, never admitting that he was too unfit and stupid to see what he was wearing. For he was afraid that the other people would think that he was stupid.
Of course, all the town people wildly praised the magnificent clothes of the emperor, afraid to admit that they could not see them, until a small child said: “But he has nothing on!”
This was whispered from person to person until everyone in the crowd was shouting that the emperor had nothing on. The emperor heard it and felt that they were correct, but held his head high and finished the procession.
3. THE GOOSE AND THE GOLDEN EGGS
Well, here is the story. One day, a countryman was going to the nest of his Goose found there was an egg all yellow and glittering. When he took it up it was as heavy as lead and he was going to throw it away, because he thought a trick had been played upon him. But he took it home on a second thought, and soon found to his delight that it was an egg of pure gold. Every morning the same thing occurred, and he soon became rich by selling his eggs. As he grew rich he grew greedy; and thought to get at once all the gold the Goose could give, he killed it and opened it only to find, - nothing.
Okay, what lesson can you learn from this story? Right.
4. THE BOY & THE APPLE TREE
A long time ago, there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it everyday. He climbed to the treetop, ate the apple, and took a nap under the shadow. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him. Time went by the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree everyday.
One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad.
“Come and play with me!”, the tree asked the boy.
“I’m no longer a kid; I do not play around trees any more the boy replied. I want toys. I need money to buy them”.
“Sorry, I don’t have money but you can pick all my apples and sell them. So, you will have money”.
The boy was so excited. He grabbed all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy never came back after he picked the apples. The tree was sad.
One day the boy who now turned into a man returned and the tree was excited. “Come and play with me!” the tree said.
“I don’t have time to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help me?”.
“Sorry but I don’t have any house. But you can chop off my branches to build your house”.
So the man cut all the branches of the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him happy but the man never came back since then. The tree was again lonely and sad.
One hot summer day, the man returned and the tree was delighted. “Come and play with me!” the tree said.
“I’m getting old. I want to go sailing to relax my self. Can you give me a boat?”, said the man.
“Use may trunk to build your boat! You can sail for away and be happy”.
So the man cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.
Finally the man returned after many years.
“Sorry, my boy. But I don’t have anything for you anymore. No more apples for you,” the tree said.
“No problem, I don’t have any teeth to bite.” The man replied. “I’m too old for that now,” the man said.
“I really can’t give you anything…the only thing left is my dying roots,” the tree said with tears.
“I don’t need much now, just a place to rest. I’m tired after all these years,” the man replied.
“Good! Old tree roots are the best place lean on and rest. Come, come sit down with me and rest.”
The man sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears.
This is a story of everyone. The tree is like our parents. When we were young, we loved to play with our Mum and Dad. When we grow up, we leave them only come to them when we need something or when we are in trouble. No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they could just to make you happy. You may think the boy is cruel.
5. KANCHIL AND CROCODILLE
One day it was very hot. There was no wind at all to refresh the thirsty plants and trees of the forest. It was in the middle of the dry season. For many weeks no rain had fallen so that the little creeks were the small animals used to drink had dried up. Kanchil was walking alone in the forest; he was very thirty. He had walked a long way. Looking for a brook where he could quench his thirst, but he had found only dry mud in the once gay rippling brooks. It was very quiet in the forest. All the animals seemed to sleep. Even the bird did not sing in the trees. Kanchil finally decided to go to the big river that bordered the forest. Usually he avoided going there as he knew that crocodile was always on the look-out for him, waiting for on opportunity to catch him.
Kanchil, the small but clever mouse deer, had many enemies in the forest. Fortunately, he was quickly.
When he arrived at the river, Kanchil looked curiously around him. There was nobody to be seen. The clear river water mirrored blindingly the rays of the sun Step by step Kanchil approached the water. His sharp eyes looked right and left, his pointed ears strained to catch the slightest sound. But no danger seemed to threaten him to time. Relieved, he bent his head to enjoy the cool water. Suddenly, his glace fell upon an object that was floating not tar away from where he stood. It was blackish thing. It looked like a fallen branch … or, like the back of crocodile! Kanchil jumped back, surprised and thoughtful. But he was also very thirsty. How could he possibly know whether the thing there in the river was really a long or a crocodile? Then he smiled a little as he hit upon an idea. In a clear voice he shouted, “Hay! There, you who are in the river. If you are a crocodile, don’t answer me, but if you are only a log of wood, tell me you name!”
Now it was really Crocodile who was floating in the river. He had seen Kanchil approaching and he was waiting for him to bend his head to drink. At the very moment when Kanchil did not look, Crocodile in his gruff voice, “Don’t be afraid, I’m only a harmless log!”.
Immediately, Kanchil ran away ran fast as his legs could carry him, while shouting over his shoulder. “O, stupid crocodile, have you ever a log of wood talk?”.
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